Early Life and the US Army Air Corp

Forrest Bird's love of aeroplanes inspired his invention of the ventilator, which saved the lives of millions of premature babies.

Forrest Bird was born in Stoughton, Massachusetts on June 9th, 1921. Influenced by his father’s experiences as a World War I pilot stationed in France, and meeting Orville Wright; he became interested in airplanes at an early age. Bird performed his first solo flight at the age of fourteen, and by the age of sixteen was working to obtain multiple pilot certifications. As an undergraduate at Northeastern University studying aeronautical engineering, he was recruited into the Army Air Corp and entered active duty in 1941 as a technical air training officer due to his advanced qualifications. His expertise, combined with the onset of World War II, gave him the opportunity to pilot almost every aircraft in service, including early jet aircraft and helicopters.

Passion for Problem Solving

During the war, Bird was flying a captured aircraft from England to the United States. He discovered and started experimenting with a demand oxygen regulator created by the Germans. He observed that it required a substantial effort to breathe with the device and ultimately did not provide much value to the pilot. Intrigued, he knew that he could improve it, so he dismantled the regulator from the plane, took it home and continued experimenting with the device.

Bird redesigned the regulator and tested it on himself; then presented his design to his superiors at the Air Corp. The design was approved and put into production. As a reward and to capitalize on Dr. Bird’s ingenuity he received a transfer to Randolph Air Force Base in Texas where he met his mentor Nobel Laureate, Dr. Andre Cournand, who encouraged him to attend medical school where he earned multiple degrees. His aviation experience, combined with his medical training, lead to the creation of a pressure head for demand oxygen regulators in high altitude airplanes and ultimately pressure suits that responded to high G-loads.

Opportunity for Innovation

The opportunity to transition his aeronautical breathing technology to the civilian world presented itself in the mid-1950’s, in part due to the polio epidemic that was sweeping Europe and the United States.

Intel wifi 5100 agn aircrack for mac. Polio sickened and paralyzed thousands of people, mostly children. Iron Lungs were employed to assist patients with paralytic anterior poliomyelitis and became a viable solution for its time, but proved to be cumbersome, expensive, and hard to transport which limited the patient's mobility.

During this period, Dr. Bird invented the Mark 7 which was the first respirator used to wean patients off the Iron Lung successfully. His invention marked the birth of modern respiratory pressure ventilation as we know it today. Capitalizing on the Mark 7's success and commercial availability, he sought out the most critical cases of acute and chronic cardiopulmonary disease to test his medical respirator. Countless lives were saved, but the loss of other lives motivated Dr. Bird to search for more answers and better ways to heal the lung. By 1958 “The Bird” as it was known, was the first highly reliable, low-cost, mass-produced medical pressure respirator in the world.

You just have to download the patch, start it after download is complete. Press 'browse' point out to the map 'sports interactive/football manager 2008/fm.exe' and then press patch or something, it will take a few minutes then it should be done and then u start the game etc. Yeah FM 08 isn't on Steam, you'll have to find updates yourself though a quick Google for 'FM 2008 patch' should find it, the last one for it was version 8.0.2 IIRC. As for stat updates, there are some floating about online but how up to date they are I'm not too sure to be honest, your best bet for finding updates is always the Editor's. Football manager 2017 online game. Football Manager 2008 is the next iteration of the prize-winning Football Manager series developed by world-respected studio Sports Interactive. The latest version of Football Manager will be fully updated for the new season and will allow players to select their favourite club or international team and guide them to glorious success by putting. The official Football Manager site can be found at footballmanager.com and the official forums can be found at community.sigames.com. Sports Interactive, the Sports Interactive logo, in-game generated images and any other Football Manager related items are registered trademarks and/or copyright material owned by Sports Interactive, or their.

A Medical Hero

Into the 1960's, Dr. Bird's inventions had become world renown and began to achieve mainstream status. His respirators were referenced in TV shows, like Dr. Kildare, and Fidel Castro requested Bird respirators from the U.S. Government as part of an arrangement to release prisoners captured during the Bay of Pigs.

One of the hallmarks of Dr. Bird’s genius was his ability to identify opportunities and act upon them. During the Vietnam War, he realized that soldiers were dying because there were limited treatment options available for transport from the field. His solution was to modify helicopters with respirators and add trauma equipment to stabilize combat patients en route to the hospital. This breakthrough ultimately led to civilian life flight and EMT ambulances as we know them today.

Improvement as a Way of Life

In reaction to rising infant mortality rates of preterm babies, Dr. Bird modified his respirator to support pre-term lungs, and developed an oxygen/air blender to manage oxygen toxicity which can cause blindness in infants. The BabyBird releases in 1971 with tremendous success cutting the early infant mortality rate from a worldwide high of 70% to less than 10%.

Dr. Bird turned his focus to research in the late 70’s and early 80’s, looking to improve his mechanical respirators. The result of his R&D was the discovery of Pulsatile Flow Ventilation^®, the life-changing solution that rapidly pulses good air into the furthest airways of the lung and gently loosens and carries mucus and debris out. Flow Ventilation^® allows the lung tissue to rest and heal. Following the success of his Flow Ventilators, Dr. Bird established Percussionaire, his family-run company dedicated to creating Flow Ventilation^® devices that improve and save lives. Today, Bird Flow Ventilators are used around the world under every conceivable condition.

Dr. Bird’s Remarkable Legacy

While running the daily operations and product development at Percussionaire Dr. Bird and his wife, Dr. Pamela Bird, began to put additional focus into education. In 2007, they opened The Bird Aviation and Invention Center, created to showcase the historical contributions of aviators who have innovated and advanced technology. Also, they played active roles in two institutions dedicated to Dr. Bird’s legacies to education, the Bird Charter School and the Bird Institute of Pulmonary Care for healthcare professionals.

Dr. Bird retired from Percussionaire at the age of 90 but continued to receive numerous awards and accolades including the Presidential Citizens Medal from President George W. Bush and the National Medal of Technology and Innovation from President Barack Obama.

Dr. Forrest Bird’s legacy is about the lives that he saved, the industry he pioneered, and the generations of physicians he taught and continue to advance his work. We celebrate Dr. Bird’s genius every day with our commitment to making IPV^® devices available to the millions of people whose lives it can save and improve. Each generation of our Flow Ventilation^® devices is the culmination of that pursuit — and just like Dr. Forrest M. Bird — we are never satisfied.

Forrest Morton Bird (June 9, 1921 – August 2, 2015) was an American aviator, inventor, and biomedical engineer. He is best known for having created some of the first reliable mass-producedmechanical ventilators for acute and chronic cardiopulmonary care.^[1]

Biography[edit]

Bird was born in Stoughton, Massachusetts. Bird became a pilot at an early age due to the encouragement of his father, a World War I pilot, and from meeting Orville Wright at an early age. He performed his first solo flight at age 14. By age 16 he was working to obtain multiple major pilot certifications.^[2]Bird enlisted with the United States Army Air Corps, and entered active duty in 1941 as a technical air training officer due to his advanced qualifications. This rank, combined with the onset of World War II, gave him the opportunity to pilot almost every aircraft in service, including early jet aircraft and helicopters.

The newest models of aircraft were capable of exceeding altitudes at which humans can breathe, even with 100% oxygen supplementation, introducing the risk of hypoxia. Bird discovered that an oxygen regulator in a crashed German bomber he was ferrying back to the U.S. for study seemed to contain a pressure breathing circuit. He took the oxygen regulator home, studied it, and made it more functional. It became the standard design for high-altitude oxygen regulators for most military aircraft until recent time. Bird studied medicine ' .. to understand the human body and its stress in flight'. This led to him developing efficient respirators and ventilators.^[3]

In 1967, Bird developed the Bird Innovator, a conversion of the Consolidated PBY Catalina amphibian aircraft. His company was Bird Oxygen Breathing Equipment Inc, later renamed Bird Corporation, the aircraft being based at Palm Springs until 1976.^[4]

Bird resided in Sagle, Idaho, close to the Canada–US border which is where his home, production facilities, museum and ranch were located. Dr. Bird collected and restored old planes, old cars, and motorcycles.^[5] As of June 1, 2019, the museum is located at 2678 W Cessna Blvd, Hayden, ID and open Tuesday thru Saturday from 9:00AM to 3:00PM.

Forrest and Pamela Bird opened the Bird Aviation Museum and Invention Center in July 2007, with aviator Patty Wagstaff cutting a ceremonial ribbon at the end of the runway while flying. The Bird's are the founders and owners of the museum, which showcases Bird's various aircraft and inventions.^[6]On December 10, 2008, Bird received the Presidential Citizens Medal from President George Bush. The United States honored him for his groundbreaking contributions and for his work to keep America at the forefront of discovery.^[7] On October 7, 2009, President Barack Obama awarded Bird the National Medal of Technology and Innovation, a recognition of his 'outstanding contributions to the promotion of technology for the improvement of the economic, environmental or social well-being of the United States.'^[8]

Bird died at the age of 94 of natural causes at his Sagle, Idaho home on August 2, 2015.^[9][10]

Mechanical ventilators[edit]

The first 'Bird' units[edit]

Bird created a prototype ventilator unit which was tested on seriously ill patients with limited success. His first prototype consisted of strawberry shortcake tins and a doorknob. Most of these first units were sold to the Army, in the original format of tins and the doorknob. Further revision resulted in the 1955 release of the 'Bird Universal Medical Respirator' (sold as the Bird Mark 7 Respirator and informally called the 'Bird'), a small green box that became familiar to hospital patients soon after its introduction. The Bird Mark 8 added the capabilities of NEEP (Negative End Expiratory Pressure). This was frequently used to power a set of fluidic servos (sort of relays.) He subsequently made a ventilator for infants, nicknamed the 'Babybird'. This device was one of several devices that appeared on the market designed to effectively ventilate small children and infants. These devices played a significant role in reducing the rate of breathing-related infant mortality from 70% to 10%.^[11][12] The Bird Mark 7 Respirator is still in use around the world. In addition he produced the Fluid Control Device.

Accolades[edit]

Bird was awarded the Lifetime Scientific Achievement Award in 1985 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), receiving a second award in September 2005. He continued to contribute to the field of pulmonary science by participating in the development of the VDR, a ventilator that permits management of the most challenging patients including ARDS, trauma and inhalation injury. In 1995, Bird was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.^[13] He was named 'Inventor of the Week' by MIT in February 2001. The American Respiratory Care Foundation names one of its annual awards after Bird.^[14]

History of Bird Corp.[edit]

• 1965: First factory assembly line rolls out a medical respirator for home health, the Mark III.
• 1971: Bird introduces first infant ventilator.
• 1978: Bird sells his namesake company to 3M, which took it public.
• 1984: 3M sells Bird Products to the management group of a competitor, Bird Medical Technologies Inc.
• 1987: The Bird 6400ST is released, the first new-generation ventilator.
• 1990: Bird Medical Technologies goes public, and is traded on NASDAQ under the ticker, BMTI.
• 1992: Bird Medical, reporting $36.5 million in sales in 1991, lays off 21 of 211 workers, citing poor economic conditions and falling sales. Despite the downturn, construction of its new, 120,000-square-foot (11,000 m²) building at 1100 Bird Center Drive, its present site, continues.
• 1995: Thermo Electron Corp., which acquired Bird in a $67 million buyout of Bird stock, moves a Riverside-based subsidiary into the Palm Springs location. That year, Dr. Bird is inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
• 2002: Through acquisition and consolidation, the venture becomes a part of VIASYS Respiratory Care.
• 2009: Cardinal Health Inc., a Fortune 20 company based in Dublin, Ohio, that was spun off from its parent company to the wholly owned subsidiary, CareFusion Corp. The year before, Cardinal Health relocated three sister companies to the Palm Springs operation: Bear Medical of Riverside, SensorMedics Corp. of Yorba Linda and EME Medical of Brighton, England.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Legg, David (2002). Consolidated PBY Catalina: The Peacetime Record. UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN1-84037-276-1
2. ^'Forrest Bird, aviator and inventor, dies at 94 - Spokesman.com - Aug. 3, 2015'. Spokesman.com.
3. ^'Forrest Bird is a revered scientist - desertsun.com - Jul. 11, 2015'. desertsun.com.
4. ^Legg (2002), pp.32-34, 243-245
5. ^'Forrest Bird, The Birdman of Idaho'. CBS News - 60 minutes. 2009-08-30. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
6. ^'Memorable Opening Of Bird Aviation Museum And Invention Center - airportjournals.com - Aug. 1, 2007'. airportjournals.com.
7. ^'The President Participates in a Ceremony for 2008 Recipients of the Presidential Citizens Medal'. The White House. 2008-12-10. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
8. ^'President Honors Nation's Top Scientists and Innovators'. National Science Foundation. 2009-09-18. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
9. ^'Forrest Bird, aviator and inventor, dies at 94 - Spokesman.com - Aug. 3, 2015'. Spokesman.com.
10. ^McFadden, Robert. 'Dr. Forrest Bird, Inventor of Medical Respirators and Ventilators, Dies at 94'. New York Times. United States.
11. ^'Dr. Forrest Bird, Inventor of Medical Respirators and Ventilators, Dies at 94 - NYtimes.com - Aug. 3, 2015'. NYtimes.com.
12. ^'Forrest Bird is a revered scientist - desertsun.com - Jul. 11, 2015'. desertsun.com.
13. ^http://invent.org/inductee-detail/?IID=15
14. ^http://www.arcfoundation.org/awards/achievement/

External links[edit]